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FOLLOW-UP NOTES: FROM DEBATE ON 'HE' OR 'SHE' IN GENESIS TO HOLY CANDLES AND BEES
There
are some random matters to which we should tend, based on the input of readers.
Is it true that the Jews have no worry because the Mass of 1962 is not to be celebrated during the Sacred Triduum (which would include Good Friday, when the prayer for the conversion of Jews, which they find "offensive," would be said)?
One reader argued that it does, as posted on Monday, but another pointed out that the restriction during the Triduum dealt only with private Masses that use the 1962 Missal, which does not have the conversion prayer anyway.
The legalities of the theological can be cumbersome but also fascinating -- as many found to be the case with the issue of whether it should say "she," "He," "they," or "it" in the Book of Genesis, Chapter Three -- wherein God casts the devil as a creeping serpent and says that He will put enmity between the "seed" or "offspring" of the woman and the serpent, and she (or He) will crush that serpent's head. "And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel [3:14-15],'" says the one currently approved by U.S. bishops.
That's the way it was until the fifth century, when St. Jerome, after much study, changed it to "she" -- the way it remained, in the way of the Latin Vulgate, until recently.
In some translations it says "she" will crush the head, in others "He" (referring to Jesus as the offspring), and in still others "they" or "it" (in reference to that offspring: see previous story).
How did viewers view it?
"In the Protoevangelion, the first Good News, Genesis 3:15, it is correct to say 'She' since it is through her very fiat that became the vehicle of our redemption," argued Mary Schott, theology alumni, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Ohio. "She, Mary, the new Eve, crushes the head of the serpent through Him, Jesus Christ. Jointly, we also may crush the head of the serpent through Him. However, ultimately the battle is with Christ and the devil. Christ won it long ago on the Cross, and we must live in that victory daily. If the correct translation wasn't 'She' we would all have to toss out our backyard statues of the Blessed Virgin Mary since they would be theologically incorrect!"
The statue referred to is that fashioned after the Miraculous Medal apparitions in 1830, during which St. Catherine Labouré saw the Blessed Mother standing on the head or upper part of a snake.
Was such also indicated at the famous apparitions of Guadalupe in Mexico?
"Please recall that Our Lady called
herself Guadalupe (possibly) because in the native tongue it meant 'Who
crushes the serpent' (Coatlaxopeuh),"
said a viewer named
Marianne Elliott. "I agree with you
that Mary and Jesus are perfectly united, so there really isn't a problem
with either translation."
"Its interesting to compare the first book with the last book in the Bible," wrote Gail H. E. Ramplen. "In Genesis, the reference to the offspring of the Woman, and in Revelation 12 verse 17 it says: 'The dragon was furious with the woman and went off to fight against the rest of her descendants (some versions: offspring): all those who obey God's commandments and are faithful to the truth revealed by Jesus.' Some versions have 'all those who love God and keep His commandments.' This is how Her offspring are defined!"
"Two pivotal ideas in Scripture point to Mary, but Mary as the Church and also as our Mother, help of individual Christians," opined Martha Richardson of El Paso, Texas.
"Starting in Psalms 110:1, the idea of Jesus seated in Glory and the work of the
church and Our Blessed Mother going on here on earth is repeated at least six times
in the New Testament. Psalms 110, entitled 'The Priest Messiah,' says
'Yahweh declared to my Lord,
"Take your seat at my right hand, till I have made your enemies your
foot stool' (New Jerusalem Bible)."'
"According to Louis du Montfort, the greatest of the Marian Saints, this 'it' is the faithful remnant, consecrated to the Virgin, who will crush the devil's head (the head representing the intellect and therefore Satan's pride)," said Paul Anthony Melanson of Nashua, New Hampshire. "The heel by contrast represents the lowest part of the body. In other words, those of us who are consecrated to the Immaculata and who are despised by the world because of our lack of worldly 'sophistication' and 'intelligence.' But the wisdom of this world is foolishness. In time, Satan's cohort will come to understand this."
"I am no expert, just a practicing Catholic, and devotee of the Blessed Mother, but it occurred to me quite some time ago that since the serpent first destroyed the 'paradisaical life' of the 'first Eve' by appealing to her pride, it is only fitting that the serpent's pride should be crushed in a 'humiliating fashion' by the 'New Eve,'" said another viewer. "If you were to consider the serpent as being an opportunistic 'misogynist,' you can see the perfect rectitude in that."
"Looking at it linguistically, the Catholic Rainbow Study Bible translation is probably the fairest," noted Lou Pizzuti, who follows theological twists and turns assiduously and also had enlightened us as to the Good Friday issue.
"One thing that English-speaking interpreters often overlook is that in all the other languages in question (Greek, Latin, and Hebrew), grammatical gender plays a big role. What we would translate 'she' or 'he' could very well mean 'it' when referring to, respectively, a feminine or masculine noun.
"I don't have the references available to me, but I believe I once looked at the Masoretic text, and the Hebrew equivalent was a masculine noun, requiring a masculine pronoun. It wouldn't surprise me if the Septuagint also has a similar grammatical agreement. However, the Vulgate is clear in this regard. 'Semen,' seed, is neuter, but Jerome uses the feminine 'ipsa' in reference to it."
Have we all digested that? Are there implications not only for statues but also in the way of the debate over whether the Blessed Mother should be called "co-redeemer"?
At the same time as this discussion, there has been concern that certain pilgrim rosaries from Europe have a serpent -- a snake -- near the Head of Jesus on the Crucifix. Under the heel is one thing, but at the top of the Cross?
We were sent a photo of one that seemed clearly to show a serpent's head near that of Jesus, but in other cases there may be a mix-up between that representation and a tradition in Europe of exposing some of the thread that binds the beads and goes through the cross. In that case, it seems to us to be just that: thread, at least in the pair we were sent. But the point: let's leave rosary beads simple.
Meantime. what about a YouTube video clip we linked to that simulated an apparition of the Virgin Mary (supposedly in Los Angeles)?
This created as stir -- and misunderstandings. Although well-acted out -- such that one can be forgiven for initially thinking it might be another apparition report -- the clip had a statement by fictional archbishop, which certainly gave it away. But it was so realistic that many wondered: if not the real thing, is this a mockery? A disclaimer would have helped.
"I'm the film-maker who wrote and directed the new feature film, 'Virgin Mary Appears in Los Angeles,'" J. D. Mata e-mailed us. "It was not my intention to mislead anyone into believing these apparitions were actually happening! This film is a beautiful narrative about conversion, prayer, peace, fasting, and penance. Please feel free to contact me for more information pertaining to the release of this film!"
On to the mystical, and specifically the prophetic, which seems increasingly relevant: In the signs of the times department are many things to observe, as these things seem to be multiplying around us. Heat waves. Swings in weather. New records. Many who never considered such things are now speaking about the unusual trends, which we believe have been in a special upswing at least since 1990.
One of the more esoteric of potential signs has been disappearance of honeybees, which has been reported from North America to Europe. They call it Colony Collapse Disorder, and no one is certain of the cause. It may be from invasive mites, from pesticides, from the climate flux, from poor use of hives, or even, some speculate, the flood of microwaves we had radiated through the air (perhaps disorienting the bees). Whatever the case, they are only the poster child for many other animals that are suddenly in decline. Might there be a message in that?
Some
have pointed out that St. Rita was connected to a miraculous account of
honeybees.
"In the parish church of Laarne, near Ghent, there is a statue of Saint Rita in which several bees feature," notes one reference. "This seems to arise from the story that, on the day after her baptism, a swarm of white bees was seen around the baby as she was asleep in her crib. They peacefully went in and out of her mouth, not injuring her in any way. Her family seems to have been mystified rather than alarmed. Later, and in retrospect, the bees were seen as representing her subsequent beatification by Pope Urban VIII."
Noted a site dedicated to her: "We have already seen that a swarm of white bees appeared and hovered around the cradle of the saint, but the bees of which we now speak are those which first appeared when the saint entered the convent, where they now live in a retired place in the convent wall. They leave the convent every Holy Week and remain abroad until the feast of St. Rita.
"Oftentimes during the year, they fly through the convent and in the garden, but it is very noticeable that they first fly to the room of the prioress, as if to ask permission to take their recreation. Another noticeable fact about them is this: they are the constant companions of the nuns while they are kneading the dough to make the little breads of St. Rita, and it would seem as if the little winged creatures were urging on the work of the nuns by the continual humming and buzzing."
We can't confirm that, but to take the issue and the potential mystical implications of these largely ignored animals a step further: we heard from a maker of Catholic candles or "tapers" that beeswax has been noted by officials as the only wax that is toxin free "and actually releases negative ions as it burns, purifying the atmosphere in which it burns.
"The proximity of children to the cloud of smoke when blowing out the candles on the cake means we are exposing them to all of the toxins in that cloud. The beeswax tapers are dripless and virtually smoke and soot free, economical in that they burn for thirty minutes and can be used over and over again." Is God telling us something?
[resources Tower of Light]